Machine for punching or swaging rims or the like



'l 2 ,1 26. Aprl 9 L PATRICK 1,581,810

MACHINE FOR PUNGHING OR SWAGING IMS OR THE LIKE Filed July a, 1924 ssneets-sheetl lNvNToR' E 1 lmao fail-M,

` By ttorneys,

April 20 1926. l. PATRICK MACHINE FOR PUNCHING 0R swAGING RIMS 0R THELIKE Filed July 2,1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR April 20, 1926. l.PATRICK MACHINE FOR PUNCHING oR- swAGING RIMS 0R THE LIKE Filed July 2,1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR jsmfarc/) Patented Apn 20, 1926.

UNI-TED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISAAC PATRICK, OF 'NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO E. W. BLISS COMPANY, OFBROOK- LYN, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA.

MACHINE FOR PUNCHING OR SWAGING RIMS R THE LIKE.

Application 'mea July 2,

To all whom t may concern: Be it known that I, ISAAC PATRICK, a citiyzen of the United States of America, re-

siding in the borough of Queens, city and State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Punching orSwaging Rims or the like, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machines for perforating, embossing, orotherwise punchlng or swagingannular bands such as metal rims, tires, orother similar objects. The punching operation is performed in 'radialdirections with respect to the axis of the annulus. The machlne isespecially adapted for the simultaneous formation of multiple punchingsequally spaced angularly so as to form the punchings 'with equalcircumferential spacing. `The machine to be described is especiallyadapted for the punching of metal rims or felloes for motor car `wheels,although adapted to other analogous uses. ,il

The invention provides a machine including a means for holding orproperly gauging or centering the rim to be punched, and a series ofpunching means preferably equal in number to the punchings to' be made,and arranged radially in a plane coincidirigwith the plane of the axes'of the punchings (assuming the latter to be arranged in a` singleplane), and with operating mechanism whereby the punches are drivensimultaneously, so that they act alike and equally upon the rim at thestated distance or anguiar intervals :required by the locations in whichthe punchings are to be formed. The punching means comprise-each 'twocoacting punches r,which are reciprocally adapted for performing thetype of punching required,

Y as in the case of spokel punclnngs for wheel rims, a hole with'anecked up margin these punches actqfrom the outer and inner sides o fthe rim and reciprocally adapt themselves thereto by `both "being mademovable in a radial direction, so that as they come together on oppositesides of the stock they assume radial positions in accord with the radiiof the' circles describing the inner and outer surfaces 4bf' the stock,and .in being forced together each reacts against the other sothat theyindent and emboss the stock of which the rim is made, withoutotherwiseaecting or distorting the rim. j.Means are provided for guiding orlgauging ilthe-.rim

being drawn to a 1924. Serial N'o. 723,727.

when placed in position, and for holding it fast during thepunchingoperation.

The general nature of the invention being thus indicated, I will proceedto describe in detail the preferred embodiment thereof with reference tothe accompanying drawings which illustrate a machine for punching andnecking up the spoke holes, twelve in number and equidistantly spaced,in a rim for an automobile wheel, the particular rim being of thesection shown in Fig. 7. In these drawings,-

Figure l is an oblique elevation looking in the direction of the arrow 1in Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line 2-2 in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a section in a plane transverse to Fig. 2, as indicated byvthe line 3-3, the view being drawn to half the scale of the precedingfigures;

Fig. 4 is a radial section through any one of the punching means,aS-indiCated, for eX- ample, by the line in Fig. l, the view largerscale and showing the `punches before operating;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary section in the same radial plane as Fig. 4,being ona larger scale. and showing'the punches just after supported onany suitable frame A to whichl is attached a. table B which is referablyar; ranged at an inclination, as s own in Fig. 2, to facilitate applyingand removing the rims. A rim undergoing operation is shown at C. It isseated against a bearing ring D and centered thereon by any suitableguiding vor centering means such as a circular series of project-inglugs d (Fig. 7) projecting from or attached to the ring D, or any othersuitable centering means. Any suitable number of radial punching meansare arranged. at such prescribed intervals as are required for thepunching of the various holes in the rim. These punching means may.include each a primary punch E and a secondary punch F, the relation ofwhich best appears from Figs. 4 and 5. The punches F are (in thisinstance) arranged inside the rim, and the punches E outside the same.The punches are mounted to move in a radial direction toward and fromeach other. When the rim is first applied, they are separated as shownin Fig. 4; afterward, they approach each other until they reach theposition shown in Fig. 5. The precise shape and contour of the Workingends of the punches will depend uponthe nature of the punching orswaging operation" to be accomplished. A suitable form is lthat shown inFig. 5, where the primary punch E has at its center a projection e whichacts againstthe end of the punch F to`punch out a hole in the metal, thepunching scrap entering a bore fin the latter. With the constructionshown, the working end of the punch F then acts as a secondary malepunch to swage up and expand the original portion of the metal or stockaround the perforation and turn it up into a hollow fe in the punch E,this constituting a' necking operation which leaves the metalout-'turned and enlarged at the marginal portion of the perforation. Anyother reciprocal construction of primary and secondary punches may,I

however, be substituted, according to the work desired to be done.

The punches E, F are suitably mounted on operating mechanism wherebythey maybe brought together from opposite sides to per- 'orml thepunching operation. In the specific .construction shown they are'carried by slides movable radially and operated by mechanism such thateach reacts upon the other, so that they'lnay mutally adapt-themselvesto the radial osition of the stock between them. This-ls bestaccomplished by mounting the punch F in a portion G of a slide G, andmounting punch E on a secondary slide H. The portiol G\projects up `within the rim, and the slide H is correspondingly located exteriorly ofthe rim. The

.slide H may be superposed upon and guided by the slide G, but this isnot essential. The slide G has at its outer end an upward projection G2.Operating mechanism for reciprocally advancing and retracting ,theslides is convenientl applied to act between and against the slide H andprojection G2, so as to tend to propel them equally in oppositedirections. This operating mechanism preferably comprises a toggle orknee joint composed of links J, J, plvoted to H and G2 respectively, andunited by a pin I` which couples them to the upper end of a connectingbar or link K which extends down through the table B. The several linkbars K K. are connected, as by pins Il,

the sprmg g 'is compressed.

reacting against the first, is brought into contact with the stock,whereupon they penetrate it to form the punching in the manner alreadydescribed.v

Thus the two punches of each pair have what may be called a iioatin lordynamically balanced mounting, where y either may move to some extentindependently of the other, and the impelling means for each reactsagainst theA other punch member, so that whichever one rst encountersthe stock thereby becomes the abutment against which the movement of theother punchis accomplished, until both are in engagement with the stock,whereupon they move mutually together in performing the punching opera-`tion already described. 1n carrying out this feature of the invention itis preferable to mount the punches upon slides, as described, in orderthat they may be given a true rectilinear movement, and `to move them byoperating means which will act upon. each while reacting upon the other,for which purpose a toggle motion, as described, is a suitable and mostconveneient means, but the invention is not limited thereto.

The rim or other annular structure to be punched requires to be firmlyheld during the punching-operation, and for this purpose may beclampedydown to the ring D by any suitable means. A convenient construcvzuv tion is that shown, consisting of four (more or less) clamping hooksor dogs P, one of which is shown in Figs. 7 and 8, pivoted 01. a pin pand jointed to the upper end of a rod Q, the lower end of which isconnected to some portion of the slide M (or any'other convenientoperating means), as by carrying it through a perforated bracket on theslide, and preferably by interposing a spring g held by. adjustable nutsr.' Thus, durlng the preliminary downward movementof the lslide M, theclamping hooks P are swung inwardly from the position shown in dottedlines tol that'shown in full lines in Fig. 7

so that their hooked ends bear down upon the inturned flange c of therim C with a strength depending upon the stress to which In the case ofrims for motor car wheels which are to carry a demountable tire rim, it

is common to punch holes through the fianges of the rim C in a directionparallel to the axis (verticall `in Figs. 4 and- 7),and asjthis iscommonly oneprlor to the punchlll ing of the spoke holes for which thepresent machine is specifically designed, it is desirable to correctlyspace or alternate the respective punchings. This may be accomplished byproviding the ring D with one or more gauging pins ,t suitably placed toreceive the holes already punched for the fastening bolts of thedetachable tire rim. One of these gauging pins t is shown in Figs. 7 and8.

It is sometimes desirable at the end of the punching operation, afterthe dies have separated (Fig. 4), and to facilitate the lifting of thepunched rim, to provide a knock-,out for partly removing or feeding offthe rim. This may conveniently be accomplished by forming on eachclamping hook P a projection u (Fig. Y) which on the upstroke of the rodQ will strike the lower flange of the rim and lift it enough to free itpartly from the centering Iprojections ai, so that it may be morereadily lifted o by the operator. This operation is convenientlyaccomplished by utilizing the upward movement of the slide M (to theposition shown in dotted lines M' in Fig. 7), in which position itstrikes an adj ustable collar s on the rodQ, which forcibly lifts therodand thus tilts the locking dogs P to the position shown in dottedlines, thus first freeing and afterward displacing the punched rim.

The machine may be variously operated. In the construction shown adriving wheel R turns the shaft of a pinion R which drives a gear wheelS liXed on a crankshaft T extended beneath the table, having suitablebearings in the frame A. This shaft has cranks T engaged by pitman rodsU, U which yare coupled by pins V to the slide M in order to reciprocatethis slide bodiljT toward and from the table B. The movement of thisslide from itsupper position of rest to its lower position first appliesthe clamping dogs P to hold the rim fast, and then straightens thetoggles J for driving the punches, and then on the return stroke bucklesthe toggles and finally releases the clamping dogs and slightly liftsthe rim.,

Tlie machine should then stop while the operator lifts out the unchedrim and `puts `a new one in place or the next operation.

Thisis accomplished by any ordinary onerevolution clutch, such as -arewell known as appliedy to punching presses, and which require noillustration.

The punches E, Fmay be variously constructed and mounted. InFig. 4 thepunch E is shown as coupled by a ,union 10 to a shank 1'1 seated in thes ide H and fastened therein by a set-screw is arranged behind. theshank 11 so that it may be set up or back and then fastened `by aset-screw 14. In similar manner the punch F is formed with .its integralshank u 2. For adjusting the projection of the punch a screw plu'g 13entered within a bore in the slide projection G and set fast by a screw15, its adjustment bein accomplished by a backing screw 16 whic is setafter adjustment bythe setscrew 17. The bore f through the shank of thepunch F is extended through the screw' 16, so that the successivepunching scraps formed in punching the initial perforations in the stockare forced back through these bores and eventually fall into a hopper 18and are guided down a central outlet chute 19.

While the precise construction and guiding of the slides G, zH, isunessential, the construction best shown in Fig. y6 is suitable. Theslide G is dovetailed into a slideway in the table B and projects partlyabove the table to form a dovetailed slideway embraced by the underportion of the slide H, an adjusting key 20 beinginterposed for takingup lost motion.

The machine just described may be provided with any. suitableadjustments. The range of motion between the punches E, F, whenseparated, is ample for adapting the machine without other adjustment toseveral idi-ffergnt sizes of rims. 'llt is, however, de- Isirable toprovide for each size. of rim a separate seating ringV ll)y with itsappropriate clamping dogs P, P. As an example, there is shown in Fig. 9a provision for'seating and clam ing a. smaller size rim C', the seatingring J being replaced by a ring D', and the clamping xdog P beingreplaced by a similarl dog P having, however, a longer hook arm korclamping nose reaching over far enough to engage a smaller diameter ofthe inturned fiange of the rim. This ligure shows no knock-out forassisting to release the punched rim.

The machine. described is lshown as constructed for punching twelveequidistant spoke holes in a standard motor wheel rim or felloe, forwhich purpose the radial punches and punch slides are arranged at equal,angular intervals, asshown in Fig. 1. For punching annular objectsrequiring other anglnlar arrangement or spacin of punches, the` punchesand slides wil of course be correspondin ly displaced. 1f desired,adjustable mountings maybe provided for the slides, whereby they may beset around at differentv an lar distances so as to adapt` the machine orpunching, for exf ample, ten or lfourteen` holes insteadv of NND twelve.While symmetrical or equidistant spacing of the holes is most usual, yetfor punching some objects an unsymmetrical or lrregularspacing mayrequu'ed.

` For the punchin' of motor wheel rims,

weld its ends together; thereupon thehoop the machine here s own anddescribed has is passed between rolls to roll up the opposite iiangesfor the rim; then to brin the rim mto truecircular form, it is put 1n anexpanding or stretching machine, whereby it is slightly stretched enoughto give a. new

set to the metal; it is then punched with a hole for the tire ,Valve andholes for the rim bolts, and then the radial spoke holes are lil ' cultyis experienced in avoiding that the variation in spacing shall exceedthe limit of tolerance; finally,- since the punching operation somewhatdistorts the rim out of a true circle,it requires to be again trued, andthis is commonly accomplished by-V putting it in a machine which byexterior pressure contracts it to a smaller circumference and at thesame time gives themetal a set such that it will retain the truecircular form to which it is forced. The machine of my invention`simplifies .these operations, since the spoke punchings are performedsimultaneously, and by symmetrical operations "which -avoid anydistortion vof the rim, and by means which accomplishes -the minutelycorrect angular spacing of the punchings; and since no distortionresults from the punching operations, the linal truing of the rim by acontracting operation is rendered needless.

Throughout the specification and appended claims, the term punches hasbeen used to denote the two reclprocally male and female elements whichcoact to perform a desired operation on the rin, and it is immaterial asto which of the elements is the spo .invention is applicable to otherconstructions, audits mechanical features may be Avaried by theexerciseof the judgment of a in theinvention; and the term punching skilledmechanical designen-and within the scope of the appended claims. While Ihave throughout the descri tion referred to the machine as for punchingrims or analogous articles, yet in its articular embodiment here shownthe mac ine both punches and .swages the rim at each unching point; and

it is to beunderstood t at'either operation of punching or swaging, orboth, are with- .is to be understood as including not" mere yperforming', but also embossing or otherwise menare swaging the work, itbeing immaterial to my invention whether the o posed punch elementsmutually cut through the Work or merely indent, emboss, or otherwisedeform it, as may be desired.

I claim as my invention l. ln a machine for punching rims or the like, aplurality of radially-actin floating punches arranged radially aroun therim, each comprising two opposedI punch elements, andmeans for operatingthese punch elements in dynamic balance so that each reacts upon theother to punch the rim with equal stress on opposite sides.

In a machine for punching rims or the like, a plurality ofradially-acting iioating punches arranged radially around the rim, andmeans for operating them simultaneously to punch the rim.

3. In a machine for punching rims or the like, a plurality ofradially-acting dynamically'balanced punches arranged radially andsymmetrically around the' rim, and

means for operating them to punch the rim.

4. In a machine for punching rims or the like, a plurality ofradially-movable pairs of floating slides arranged radially around therim, mating punches carried thereby, the. two elements of each punchcarried by the two slides of one pair, and operating means for movingthe slides of each pair in dynamic balance so that each punch elementreacts upon the other to punch the run.

5. In a machine for punching rims or the like,- a plurality of pairs ofoppositely moving punch elements arranged radially around therim, andmeans for oppositely operating them in dynamic balance yso that each`reacts upon-.the other to punch the rim.

6. In a machine for punching rims or the like, a\ plurality ofreciprocally-acting punches arranged radially around the rim, thepunches acting simultaneously from opposite sides of the stock and inoperation each moving towards its reciprocal one to punch the rim.`

7. In a machine for punching rims or the-like, a plurality of pairs ofpunches arranged radially around the rim, the punches of each pair onopposite sides of the stock, and operating means for forcing them eachtoward the other to punch the stock between them, said operating meansbein adapted to substantiall equalize the l rce o positely applie oneach punch against lts mate. I

8. In a rim punching machine, a pair of dynamically balanced punches,andoperating means for forcingi them together to punch Lthe rim, suchmeans acting in one direction against one punch andin the contrary.direction against the other.

9. Ina rim punching-machine, a pair of I reciprocally-acting floatingpunchesand-opcarrying'the punches, and operating' means adapted to actin contrary directions and with substantiallyequal force against theslides to bring the punches together.

11. In a rim punching machine, a pair ol'` reciprocally-acting floatingpunches, slides anism acting on ,the slides to force them in contrarydirections, Veach slide,` durin the advancing movement of the punch,eing free to move longitudinally independently of theirmutually-advancing movement, whereby the punches may adapt themselves tothe position of the stock. g ,f-

12. In a rim unchingmachine, a pair of reciprocally-actingpunches, -aslide having a portion projecting Within the rim and carrying one punch,another slide exterior to the rim carrying 'the other punch, andoperating means for'pressing the slides in contrary. directions to bringthe vpunches together, said means adapted to balancerits action uponeach punchslide bythe reacttion against the other.

13. In a rimpunching machine, a pair of reciprocally-acting -iloatingpunches, slides y carrying the punches, and operating means comprising atoggle with its links engaging the respective slides and an actuaticonnectionto the kneejoiiit of the -togg e, the slides beingysubstantially free'to move lon. gitudinally irrespective of the force ofthe toggle... .j ,i 14. In a machine for punching rims or the like, aplurality Yofy airsof punchesv arranged radially around the rim, andoperati ing means for simultaneously'forcing the punches .togetherfthepunches of each pair --|free to -'move radially, whereby .to adaptthemselves to the location of the' stock and v.

thereupon to act lupon the stock simultaneously 15. In a machine forpunching rims or the like, a plurality of radially-acting punches,

- and operating mechanism thereforrcompris'- ing a pluralityof means forsiiii"ultfaneously` forcing. the. respective punchesv together, and

a reciprocating part'engag'iiigsaid plurality of `means, for Amoving`them simultaneously.

v 'ally-acting 'floatr mg punches arranged in cio-,acting pairs,-andoperating mechanism therefor 'comprising a urality of means forsimultaneously' forooperate A the p .adapte l16; In' a machinelorplunching'rims'or Y' the like, a plurality of ra ciprocating slide, andyoperative connections lbetween'said slide and said plurality of means.

17. In a'niachine for punching rims o r the oating punches, the outerpunches adapted like, a plurality of radially-acting pairs of to enterthe inner ,punches while perforatv ing the stock, and the inner punches'radially lmovable and made hollow to conduct the. I punchlng scraptoward the center, and means for receiving the scrap from the moving incner punches and discharging the scrap. carrying the punches, andoperating mechf 18. :In a machine for punching rims or the like, aframe, Aa plura-lity of floating punches and their operating means,seating and gauging means for locating and holding the rim, said meansbeing lixedly mounted i lonv said frame.

for the. punches and for saiddogs movable 1 yto simultaneously Vactuatesaid dogs to clamp the rim in advance of the punchingstroke.

20. The combination'ypof claim 19, the` clamping dogs 'having knock-outmeans 0plerable on the unclamping stroke to displace the rim afterunching.

21; In a m c ine for punchingrims'or the like, a plura ity of punchesand their.- oper-`r ating means, with seating means for the .rim

and means for clamping the rim againstsaid seating means, and areciprocating slide en` gaging said'clainpling means for. simultaneeously operatingft em to clamptherim. s

22. In 'a machine for punching riinsor the like, the combiationof meansfor` clamping tlie rim in lace, punching means/comprising radiay-arranged punches. for punching the rim, Iknock-out means andoeratingm'eans "adapted rst tooperatet erim; and-f finali .tojreleasethe' clam 'ing means and knoc Aout the rim, said -cyc eef; events'beingeffected by-a single oscillation of said operating means. .Y

" 23. In ainachine for punching rims or the like, a plurality of punchesand tlieiropeny ating means, andl rim-clamping and rim,-

ejectinv means'comprising pivoted .elements the riniin p to lift ther1ni" fl 'om its seat, i i vIn witness whereof, have hereunto signedmyname.

- ISAAC PATRICK.

clamping 'means toclamp the rim, then to uiiching means to punch-the lioto swingv intone direction to clampv s place, andinthe other direction'izo iii-fi

